Дослідження термічного режиму великого міста у світовій практиці

Свінціцька Г. І. Дослідження термічного режиму великого міста у світовій практиці. Фізична географія та геоморфологія. 2016. Вип. 2 (82). С. 96-99.

В статті висвітлено дослідження температурних аномалій різних міст світу. Розглянуто основні чинники, що впливають на формування термічного режиму великого міста. Проаналізовано часову і просторову структуру міського острову тепла та його інтенсивність.

The articles devoted to the main methodology problems, which can appear during research temperature anomalies in the big city, analyzed the basic factors influencing on forming urban heat island and determine its intensity. The paper presents the overview of literature on the transformation of atmospheric processes in the big city under the influence of human activity and urban environment, describes the thermal regime of the modern big city. One of the best-known urban effects of such development is urban warming; globally cities are almost always warmer than the surrounding rural area. The magnitude of urban warming is highly variable over both time and space. On average, urban temperatures may be 1–3°C warmer, but under appropriate meteorological conditions air temperatures can be more than 10°C warmer than surrounding rural environments. In typical urban environments, more energy goes into surface heating and less into evaporation, thus increasing heat storage and surface temperature. Moreover, tall buildings create a complex geometry that traps energy and alters airflow, increasing the amount of energy available to heat the urban surface. Heat storage and surface heating in rural areas, on the other hand, are mitigated by the cooling effect of larger areal coverage of green spaces and typically greater abundance of water surfaces. The layout and configurations of buildings cause the variation of microclimate from one location to another. The articles demonstrate that the microclimatic parameters are significantly influenced by the attributes of urban textures and consequently, buildings within an urban area, are operating against their own individual microclimatic variables rather than the meteorological weather data. This underlines the need for a radical change towards considering the microclimate information for urban planning and building thermal and energy performance assessments.