Ткач, Олег ІвановичОлег ІвановичТкачТкач, А.А.Ткач2026-04-132026-04-132018Ткач, О. & Ткач, А. (2018). Корупція і демократія в Бразилії: досягнення і нові виклики. Софія. Гуманітарно-релігієзнавчий вісник, 2(11), 87–92.2521-6570УДК 321.015https://ir.library.knu.ua/handle/15071834/15887В статті розглядаються особливості боротьби з корупцією, яка для Бразилії є масштабною проблемою політичної системи. Корупція пронизує всі рівні державного управління (федеральний, регіональний, муніципальний) і всі гілки влади. Незважаючи на заходи, прийняті на державному рівні, проблема боротьби корупцією як і раніше залишається актуальною. Служби контролю розгалужуються, але при цьому не стають ефективними. Неформальні практики суспільних взаємин, що є важливою частиною бразильської політичної культури, також впливають на ефективність: корупції в Бразилії викликана не тільки недосконалістю інститутів, але і культурним сприйняттям даного явища. Методологія статті містить системні, структурно-функціональні, порівняльно-політичний підходи, методи аналізу, синтезу, індукції, дедукції, спостереження, моделювання. У даній статті проаналізована природа корупції "по-бразильски" та її культурні особливості, заходи для боротьби з нею на всіх рівнях державного управління, служби, які відповідають за боротьбу з корупцією, як антикорупційна діяльність регулюється законодавством країни, досягнуті результати і нові виклики.The article analyzes the priorities of the аlthough the closing decade of the twentieth century has witnessed many empirical investigations of political corruption, those devoted to its theoretical component are still largely missing. The 2010s have seen an unprecedented expansion in relevant efforts at measuring, assessing, monitoring, modeling corruption, as well as mobilization efforts to control it. The global corruption has radically evolved and thus the methodology of corruption studies faced with crucial conceptual hurdles, starting with the definition of basic terms. Moreover, if foreign scientists have been investigating corruption for decades already, the attention of Ukrainian scholars to this phenomenon is relatively fresh. Therefore, there is a wide gap between the degree of scrutiny of political corruption phenomenon in Brazil and foreign political science, which requires the systematization and analysis of foreign scholars' contributions on the issue. Purpose of the research: modeling corruption, as well as mobilization efforts to control it. Research methods: The following research methods were used to address the issues set in the article: general scientific methods – descriptive, hermeneutic-political, systemic, structural-functional, comparative, institutional-comparative; general logical methods – empirical, statistical, prognostic modeling and analysis; special methods of political science. The preference was given to the method of political-system analysis, by which the common and distinctive characteristics of the basic components of soft power strategies were identified, reflecting existing political, public, information and other challenges. For empirical research, the factual basis was used, which was compiled by an expert survey of Brazil specialistspolitical scientists. The method for analyzing the situation (studying documents, comparing, etc.) was used to study international and political processes in the Brasil, exploratory methods (in particular, content analysis) for the analysis of high-level documents and speeches, which in turn helped identify and outline the trends. The article of analysis is includes тheoretical and сonceptual рrinciples of рolitical сorruption Studies, presents the most significant theoretical and methodological approaches to political corruption studies from the early XX century up to the XXI century. In addition, it explores the range of political corruption definitions (e.g. definitions related to administrative service, definitions focused on market, and definitions based on state interest). In this regard, we should underline that the working definition for the present monograph will based on that suggested by J. Kramer. It fits best our research goals, exploring the nature of political corruption phenomenon by taking into account plethora of important factors: the way of obtaining public positions (via elections or appointment), introducing criteria to assessment the abuse of power or obtaining a personal reward, as well as perception of corruption practices by the population of the given country. To the ends of our research, we have also supplemented the definition by such additional factors as political motivation phenomenon and the objectives that corruptive politicians are pursuing in order to obtain or preserve. Methodology of рolitical сorruption Studies, explores the nature of assessment method, its relation to other methodological tools, difference between assessment and measurement of political corruption, introduces indices and expert surveys etc., while estimating pros and cons of every method for the studies of political corruption. In addition to assessing the methodologies, we enhance our argument by exploring the qualitative differences between different types of indices, integrity reports and indicators etc. used for political corruption studies. The importance of the aforementioned distinctions can be exemplified by a practical observation: for instance, using the Corruption Perception Index for describing political corruption, which is common mass media, is a flawed and methodologically inaccurate strategy.ukБразиліякорупціядемократіяполітичні інститутиантикорупційне законодавствобезпекаBrazilcorruptioninternational systempolitical corruptionstrategy of national safetyAnti-Corruption ProgramdemocracyСтаття