Польовий, А. М.А. М.ПольовийІльїна, А. О.А. О.Ільїна2026-01-082026-01-082017Польовий А. М., Ільїна А. О. Оптимізація строків посіву вівсу в умовах півдня України з урахуванням зміни клімату. Фізична географія та геоморфологія. 2017. Вип. 4 (88). С. 113-117.УДК 63.551.5https://ir.library.knu.ua/handle/15071834/9502У роботі виконано аналіз сучасних умов вирощування одної з основних сільськогосподарських культур, які культивуються на Півдні України – вівса, для цілей оптимізації строків посіву. При цьому у роботі ураховувалися біологічні особливості культури та характеристики ґрунтово-кліматичних умов. Данні отримані на основі наукового експерименту, виконаного автором на експериментальній ділянці у період 2013-2014 рр.Over the past decades, there have been significant changes in climatic conditions. In relation to the South of Ukraine, there is a shift in seasonality, which causes a change in temperature, soil conditions and humidity conditions of the territory. In addition, the load on agroecosystem increases due to anthropogenic and natural factors. Oats is one of the main agricultural crops, which yields significant crops in Ukraine. The purpose of this work is to optimize the terms of oat seeding in the South of Ukraine, taking into account the changing climatic conditions of cultivation and providing practical advice on the timing of sowing. The source data for the analysis used information on the meteorological conditions that prevail in the research area in 2013-2014, namely, the average decade air temperature, rainfall, moisture reserves in the meter layer of soil, and humidity deficit. The scientific experiment was carried out at the research station of the Odessa State Ecological University, which is located in the village Chernomorka. For the study was used a variety of oats Neptune - the most common in the territory of Ukraine. To evaluate the influence of soil-climatic conditions on the formation of productivity of agricultural plants, a method was used that takes into account the accumulation of dry biomass of individual organs of a plant. To optimize the terms of oat seeding in the conditions of the South of Ukraine, taking into account climate change, an analysis of climatic conditions during the growing season of 2013-2014 has been performed. During the growing period of oat development in 2013, as a whole, favorable conditions for growing were observed. Stocks of productive moisture in a meter layer of soil approached the values the least water holding capacity which are optimal for obtaining maximum productivity of sowing. The temperature background was also in the optimal zone, which corresponds to an average of 17-23 ºC. The peculiarity of the climatic conditions of the plant's development this year was that during the period of maximum accumulation of biomass there was a significant amount of precipitation, which caused a significant increase in dry biomass of plants. The peculiarity of the 2014 conditions was the increase in productive moisture reserves compared to 2013. In addition, rainfall over the entire period was more evenly distributed, and the temperature was in the optimal range of 16-23 ºC. All these conditions will play a significant role in the accumulation of biological mass of the plant. The objective of this scientific study was to determine the optimizing sowing date for the conditions of southern Ukraine. Therefore, different periods of sowing were given in the experiment. In 2013, at an early sowing date (the first decade of May), the dry biomass of individual organs of the plant, including the productive ones, was 15-20% larger than biomass, obtained in late cropping. A similar situation was observed in 2014, when the second decade of April was adopted early, the term for the first decade of May was late. Despite the different climatic conditions in these years, the maximum productivity of oats was obtained at early sowing date. Thus, as a result of the scientific experiment, the direct dependence of oat productivity on the terms of sowing and the degree of soil moisture was detected. The temperature background will not play a significant role in shaping the productivity of such an agricultural crop as oats in the conditions of the South of Ukraine.ukґрунтово-кліматичні умовисуха біомаса органів рослиниоптимізація умов вирощуваннястроки сівбиterms sowingsoil-climatic conditionsdry biomass of the organs of the plantoptimization of growing conditionsСтаття