Зозуля Дмитро ВолодимировичБернадська, Ніна Іванівна2025-06-052025-06-052025-05-07Зозуля Д. В. Поетика діджимодернізму в сучасній українській літературі : дис. … доктора філософії : 035 Філологія / Наук. кер. Н. І. Бернадська. Київ, 2025. 225 с.УДК 821.161.2.09-1/.32’06:[7.038.6+004.89](477)(043.3)https://ir.library.knu.ua/handle/15071834/6645Пропонована дисертація – комплексне дослідження поетики діджимодернізму в сучасній українській літературі. Мета наукової роботи полягала у визначенні характерних ознак діджимодерністської поетики в прозових і поетичних творах вітчизняних авторів, написаних протягом останніх десятиліть. У процесі досягнення цієї мети було визначено, що діджимодернізм – це світоглядно-мистецький напрям, який з’явився в епоху стрімкого розвитку цифрових технологій, прийшовши на зміну постмодернізмові приблизно в середині 90-х років ХХ століття. Діджимодернізм разом із метамодернізмом є однією з головних пост-постмодерністських теорій. У роботі окреслено й проаналізовано ознаки діджимодерністської текстуальності, а саме: поступальність, хаотичність, скороминущість, перероблення та опосередкованість текстових ролей, анонімне, множинне й соціальне авторство, плинність рамок, електронно-цифрова форма; розглянуто й схарактеризовано естетичні (інфантильність, реалізм, «нова щирість», аутичність) й ідейно-тематичні (віртуалізація реальності, існування людини в мережі й поза нею, проблема цифрового безсмертя тощо) домінанти діджимодерністських текстів. З’ясовано, що в художніх творах діджимодерністські ознаки можуть поєднуватися з постмодерністськими та метамодерністськими. На прикладі прозових і поетичних творів сучасної української літератури було визначено, що взаємовідношення в тріаді автор – текст – читач змінилося: в епоху діджимодернізму концепція «смерті автора» втрачає свою актуальність, натомість, із розповсюдженням Інтернету й соціальних мереж поширеним стає явище колективного авторства, текст тяжіє до нескінченності, мультимедійності й інтерактивності, що зумовлює перетворення реципієнта з пасивного читача на співавтора твору, нерідко вимагаючи від нього навичок глядача, слухача, гравця тощо. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в спробі аналізу протодіджимодерністських (ергодична література, гіпертекстуальний роман, реаліті-роман) й діджимодерністських форм літератури (інтерактивна та мережева (фейсбук-роман чи існта-поезія) література, ЛітРПГ, фанфікшн, візуальна новела, відеопоезія, кодопоезія, генерована література), а також окресленні функцій технологій QR-коду й штучного інтелекту в літературних творах. Висновки здійсненого дослідження сприяють поглибленому розумінню процесів, що відбуваються в сучасній українській літературі під впливом цифрових технологій, унаочнюють значущість діджимодернізму як літературного напряму.The proposed dissertation is a comprehensive study of the poetics of digimodernism in modern Ukrainian literature. The purpose of the work was to identify the characteristic features of digimodernist poetics in the works of modern Ukrainian literature. The study made it possible to formulate a definition of the concept of digimodernism, to find out the place of this theory among other post-postmodern concepts. The scientific novelty of the dissertation is an attempt to systematically classify and analyze the forms of modern prose and poetic works of digimodernist literature in accordance with the features of digimodernist poetics, to find out how the phenomenon of authorship is changing in the digital age, and what role book bloggers play in the process of interaction between author, text, and reader. For the first time in Ukrainian literary studies, a systematic analysis of the functions of digital technologies of the QR code in literary works and the use of artificial intelligence in literature was carried out. For the first time, the works of Mykhailo Zharzhailo and Oleh Shynkarenko are analyzed as an example of digimodernist literature, and the literary and video game phenomenon of the visual novel is studied. The research materials are prose and poetic works, as well as multimedia literary and artistic projects by contemporary Ukrainian authors: 1) Max Kidruk's novels Don't Look Back and Keep Quiet, Until the Light Goes Out Forever; 2) Oleh Shynkarenko's novel Kaharlyk; 3) Dorj Batu's novels Mozart 2.0, Coco 2.0; 4) Yurii Andrukhovych's novel Radio Night; 5) Valeriy Markus (Ananiev)'s novel Footprints on the Road; 6) Lyubov Yakymchuk's collection of poems Apricots of Donbas; 7) Maksym Kryvtsov's collection of poetry Poems from the Loophole; 8) Valeriy Puzik's collection of short stories Hunters for Happiness; 9) a collection of poems by Mykola Leonovych Slow Man; 10) a collection of poems by Oleksandr Mymruk A River With The Name Of A Bird; 11) poetry by Mykhailo Zharzhailo, including the collections of poems Karma Police, Unacceptable Symbols, and the multimedia project 8 AETHER: mediacollaboration in real time (together with the poet Iryna Zahladko, artists Roman Haideichuk, Yury Bulka), the projects Blackouts of the Constitution and Blackouts of the Legislation, and the video poetry project Ctrl+Z, a joint project with Piotr Armianovski; 12) some poems by Yaroslav Hadzinsky; 13) a collective patchwork novel Bosorka; 14) a collection of poems by Dmytro Lazutkin, Artery; 15) an interactive short story by Serhiy Rachynsky, Blood and Bones; 16) visual novels Ukraine War Stories, The Nightmare Winter; 17) some samples of generative literature from the Kazka.fun service. In order to determine the characteristic features of the poetics of digimodernism in modern Ukrainian literature, the following methods were used in the course of the study: general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, descriptive and comparative methods, method of generalization, method of classification), as well as literary methods. By means of generalization, the concept of digimodernism is conceptualized. Using the comparative method, the correlation of digimodernism with postmodernism and some post-postmodern theories, in particular with metamodernism, is established. The intermedial method of research was used to analyze works in the genres of video poetry and code poetry, poetic performances, and works of network literature. Using the comparative and structuralist research methods, as well as the classification method, the place and functions of the QR code, as well as the list of tasks for which artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are used in works o f modern Ukrainian literature, are determined. Also, using the comparative, structuralist, intermedial, intertextual research methods and the methodology of receptive aesthetics and hermeneutics, the features of the form and content of degimodernist literary works are analyzed. Relying on the previous developments of Ukrainian and foreign researchers, in particular British scientist A. Kirby, we have derived our own definition of the concept of “digimodernism”. Thus, digimodernism is a theory of cultural practice and an aesthetic dominant that emerged in the late postmodern era (late 1990s - early 2000s) under the influence of the rapid development of digital technologies. It has been found that one of the main features of digimodernism is the change in textuality, which, according to A. Kirby, has the following characteristic features: onwardness, haphazardness, evanescence, reformulating and intermediation of textual roles, the fluid-bounded text, and electronic-digitality. The dissertation determines that proto-digimodernist works include texts of ergodic literature, hypertext novels, reality novels, certain forms of printed interactive literature (including game books), as well as works that use textography. As a result of their analysis, it was found that they are related to the actual digimodernist works, namely: network literature (Facebook novel, tiktokpoetry and instapoetry, interactive electronic novels, patchwork novel), blackout poetry, video poetry, generative literature, visual novels, fanfiction, LitRPG, literary media performances. Literary works that use QR code technology also have signs of digimodernist poetics. The analysis of poetry and prose works by Ukrainian authors, as well as online literary platforms and literary phenomena, has revealed that authorship takes on new forms in the paradigm of digimodernism. The characteristics of authorship given by A. Kirby, such as anonymity, collectivity and sociality, are actualized. They are especially pronounced in the process of creating works of an electronic and digital nature – texts of network literature, patchwork novels, visual novels, etc. The hypostasis of the author-reader is realized, who, before writing a part of the work, has to read fragments of text created by other authors. The hypostasis of the cyborg author (E. J. Aarseth's term) is also emerging: this is due to the combination of machine algorithms and the creative will of a human artist when generating works using artificial intelligence technologies. The analysis of Ukrainian printed prose and poetry works revealed that QR codes can be placed in books for artistic and technical (advertising) purposes. They can provide access to additional photos and videos, texts, music, as well as to the authors' personal pages on social networks, websites of bookstores and publishers. It has been determined that QR codes, regardless of their spatial placement in literary works, perform an interactive function, since they encourage the reader to interact with the text using a special scanner program. QR codes are also used for illustration, if they provide access to materials of this type; perform an information and reference function, if they provide access to various explanatory notes; perform a plotting function, if they contain references to visual or audio materials that directly affect the plot of the work, or provide access to textual branches of the main plot in non-linear works. It has also been found that QR codes can contribute to deepening the reader's understanding of the aesthetic principles of a literary work, provide access to information that reveals the meaning of the central image or symbol, provide information about the prototype of the character or historical event that formed the basis of the work, the location of the plot, and can also clarify the intertextual relationship of the work with literary texts or other artistic artifacts (musical, pictorial, etc.). Sometimes QR codes are placed in paper books to connect printed works with other art forms based on them, located in the digital space (for example, poems with video poetry or musical performances, autobiographical stories with documentary short films, etc.). By combining the real with the virtual, QR codes can create an immersive experience for the reader, which is especially important in the context of the reception of autobiographical works, such as military prose and poetry. This resonates with a feature of digital modernist aesthetics, which A. Kirby defined as “apparently real”. The dissertation shows that the technology of generative artificial intelligence as a tool for creating literary works has not yet been widely used in Ukraine. As a generator of literary texts, authors usually use artificial intelligence for their own entertainment or to create fairy tales for children (for example, on the Kazka.fun service). It is determined that generative AI is used in the modern literary process mainly for illustrating books, generating images based on user requests, which are excerpts of individual images from fiction texts. The dissertation proves that the texts posted on online literary platforms clearly express the features of digimodernist aesthetics identified by A. Kirby, namely, infantilism, sincerity, and the tendency the endless narrative. These features can also be seen in fanfiction and visual novels. At the same time, these works demonstrate a general tendency for digimodernist society to lose competence: due to the high level of development of digital technologies and their accessibility, digimodernist works are often written by amateur authors. This is one of the fundamental differences between postmodern and digimodernist literature: while postmodernism saw the merger of elite and mass literature, digimodernism is dominated by amateur, often unfinished, artistic creation designed for different levels of reader reception. Specialized online literary platforms are a place of realization of the concept of collective authorship, which is confirmed by the creation of the first patchwork novel in Ukrainian literature in their space. The dissertation determines that digital imagery, technological terminology, and computer slang are the stylistic dominants of M. Zharzhailo's work. In his poems, the author uses elements of computer textography, his texts often have signs of hypertextuality and intertextuality. The lyrical protagonist of the verlibres from M. Zharzhailo's collection “Unacceptable Symbols” often appears dehumanized, likened to a cyborg or utilitarian mechanism, existing on the borderline of the virtual and the real. It has also been found that M. Zharzhailo's electronic and digital works have all the signs of digimodernist textuality. As a result of the analysis of O. Shynkarenko's Facebook novel Kaharlyk, it is found that this work combines both digimodernist and postmodernist features (irony, absurdity, intertextuality, polygenre). It is determined that it is intermedial, since it contains visual and musical elements in addition to the text, and that the possibility of free author-reader communication in the comments under the text fragments played an important role in the process of its creation: thus, readers could influence the development of the plot with their comments. It has been found that the visual novel is a multimedia literary and video game digimodernist phenomenon. It has been determined that such works are genetically related to paper interactive novels, as they provide the reader-player with the opportunity to choose options for plot development at its nodal points. It is found that visual novels are not yet widespread in Ukraine, and the emergence of the first bright works of this form is primarily due to the need for a safe comprehension of the experience of war. The conclusions of the dissertation can serve as a basis for future research on literary and artistic phenomena, including electronic and digital literature, interactive and intermedia works.ukдіджимодернізмпоетикасучасна українська літературацифрові технологіїавтортекстчитачжанрпоезіяпрозароманновелавіртуальна літератураінтерактивна літератураУкраїнаdigimodernismpoeticsmodern Ukrainian literaturedigital technologiesauthortextreadergenrepoetryprosenovelshort storyvirtual literatureinteractive literatureUkraineДисертація