Неділько, Ярослав ВалентиновичЯрослав ВалентиновичНеділько2025-10-282025-10-282020Неділько Я. В. Типові ознаки особи кіберзлочинця (криміналістичний аспект). Держава і право. Юридичні і політичні науки. 2020. Вип. 88. С. 202-211.УДК 343.910.33663/1563-334-2020-88-202https://ir.library.knu.ua/handle/15071834/8348Розглянуто питання, що виникають під час розслідування кіберзлочинів, а саме встановлення особи кіберзлочинця. Зазначено, що кіберзлочинець володіє спеціальними знаннями та навичками з використання інформацій них технологій, що і ускладнює його пошуки з боку органу досудового розслідування. Показано етапи становлення вчення про особу злочинця в юридичній науці. Проаналізовано різні наукові підходи до тлумачення поняття «особа злочинець» вченими криміналістами. Запропоновано криміналістичне визначення особи кіберзлочинця, під яким слід розуміти систему загальних, психологічних та спеціальних ознак (даних) такої особи, що сприяють її ефективному пошуку та викриттю. Наведено розмежування між «професійною (злочинною) звичкою» та «почерком» особи кіберзлочинця. Пропонується створення окремої електронної бази осіб кіберзлочинців.The article is devoted to problematic issues that arise during the investigation of cybercrime, namely, establishing the identity of the cybercriminal. It is indicated that the person who committed cybercrime has special knowledge and skills in the use of Information Technologies, which complicates his search by the pre-trial investigation body. Statistical indicators that characterize the faces of cybercriminals in Ukraine also emphasize the complexity of identifying criminals of this category. The ability to identify and investigate typical signs of a cybercriminal’s personality that are identified at the pre-trial stage of the investigation will help the investigator effectively and quickly identify these individuals. The article presents the stages of formation of the doctrine of the criminal’s identity in legal Science: the period of formation of the doctrine of the identity of the criminal (1900-1930); the period of ignoring the doctrine of the identity of the criminal (1930-1960); period of detailed study of the identity of the offender by criminology (1960 – our time). The analysis of various scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «criminal personality» by forensic scientists is carried out. These general features of the criminal’s personality from a forensic point of view, which should include: 1) personal characteristics of the human body; 2) fleeting signs (distant from the human body); 3) social characteristics. It is noted that during the pre-trial investigation, psychological knowledge about the identity of the criminal should be used. A forensic definition of the identity of a cybercriminal is proposed, which should be understood as a system of general, psychological and special features (data) of such a person that contribute to its effective search and exposure. Common features of a cybercriminal’s personality include: nationality, age, education, and profession. To psychological: temperament, character, interests and inclinations, motives and style of behavior, certain mental deviations. Special features include «professional habits» and «handwriting» of a cybercriminal. The distinction between «professional habit» and «handwriting» of a cybercriminal person is given. A distinction is made between the «professional habit» and the «handwriting» of a cybercriminal. Separating the «professional (criminal) habit» from the «handwriting» of a cybercriminal, it is noted that «handwriting» is a characteristic action that a person consciously commits, realizing that this distinguishes himself among others. These include: choosing a nickname, choosing a specific photo (avatar), style of writing messages and more. It is emphasized that when choosing a nickname or avatar, you can say about the preferences of these people. It is noted that some information about the «professional (criminal) habits» of a cybercriminal, the investigator, can also be obtained from the analysis of his files using VirusTotal or Hybrid Analysis, which will help determine the file type, programming language, location, time and date of creation or change and other equally important information about the identity of the cybercriminal. Also, due to the specifics of committing crimes of this category, it is proposed to create a separate electronic database of persons who have committed crimes using information technologies (cybercrime). The electronic database should include the following information: nationality, age, education, profession, established psychological characteristics, as well as «professional habits» and «cybercrime handwriting». The electronic database will serve as an identifier for the investigator, and will also help to understand what traces the cybercriminal leaves and his motives. As a conclusion, during the pre-trial investigation, important forensic data on the identity of a cybercriminal is one of the main factors in the investigation of criminal offenses committed using information technology (cybercrime)ukособа злочинцяособа кіберзлочинцятипові ознаки особи кіберзлочинцяінформаційні технології«почерк» кіберзлочинцяthe person of the criminalthe person of the cybercriminaltypical features of the person of the cybercriminalinformation technologies«handwriting» of the cybercriminalСтаття